Naseer Ali Badr and Amer.M. J. Al-Shamari 2025. Preparation and comparison of the performance of (CuO) nanostructures and (CuO)/(CdS) composites as anode electrodes in DSSCs using the natural dye of chard. Applied Chemical Engineering. 8, 3 (Aug. 2025), ACE-5713. DOI:https://doi.org/10.59429/ace.v8i3.5713.