Applied Chemical Engineering

A review on indoor air pollution from lightning sources in developing countries—The pollutants, the prevention and the latest technologies for control

Francis Boluwaji Elehinafe

Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Covenant University

Feyisayo David Ibukun

Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Covenant University

Oluseye Ladipo Lasebikan

Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, School of Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic of Oil and Gas

Hassan Ademola Adisa

Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Covenant University

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24294/ace.v6i2.2156

Keywords: pollution, air pollution, indoor environment, indoor air pollutants, prevention, control

---

References

1. Nigeria to improve electricity access and services to citizens. Available online: https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2021/02/05/nigeria-to-improve-electricity-access-and-services-to-citizens (accessed on 18 July 2023).

2. Okedere OB, Elehinafe FB, Oyelami S, et al. Drivers of anthropogenic air emissions in Nigeria—A review. Heliyon 2021; 7(3): e06398. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.7.e06398

3. Putting an end to Nigeria’s generator crisis: The path forward. Available online: https://a2ei.org/resources/uploads/2019/06/A2EI_Dalberg_Putting_an_End_to_Nigeria%E2%80%99s_Generator-Crisis_The_Path_Forward.pdf (accessed on 18 July 2023).

4. The future is now. Science for achieving sustainable development. Available online: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/24797GSDR_report_2019.pdf (accessed on 18 July 2023).

5. Elehinafe FB, Okedere OB, Adesanmi AJ, et al. Assessment of indoor levels of carbon monoxide emission from smoldering mosquito coils used in Nigeria. Environmental Health Insights 2022; 16: 11786302221091031. doi: 10.1177/11786302221091031

6. World health organization. Household air pollution. Available online: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health (accessed on 18 July 2023).

7. Davamani V, Deepasri M, Parameswari E, et al. Chemistry of indoor pollutants and their impacts on human health. International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry 2020; 21(9): 40–61. doi: 10.9734/irjpac/2020/v21i930197

8. World Health Organization Training Package. Children’s health and the environment. Available online: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/330296 (accessed on 16 June 2023).

9. Sofoluwe GO. Smoke pollution in dwellings of infants with bronchopneumonia. Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal 1968; 16(5): 670–672. doi: 10.1080/00039896.1968.10665126

10. Omole DO, Ndambuki JM. Sustainable living in Africa: Case of water, sanitation, air pollution and energy. Sustainability 2014; 6(8): 5187–5202. doi: 10.3390/su6085187

11. Hampson NB, Piantadosi CA, Thom SR, et al. Practice recommendations in the diagnosis, management, and prevention of carbon monoxide poisoning. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2012; 186(11): 1095–1101. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201207-1284CI

12. Facts about benzene. Available online: https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/benzene/basics/facts.asp (accessed on 19 July 2023).

13. Hulin M, Simoni M, Viegi G, et al. Respiratory health and indoor air pollutants based on quantitative exposure assessments. European Respiratory Journal 2012; 40(4): 1033–1045. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00159011

14. González-Martín J, Kraakman NJR, Perez C, et al. A state-of-the-art review on indoor air pollution and strategies for indoor air pollution control. Chemosphere 2021; 262: 128376. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128376

15. Mongolia. How carbon monoxide can kill and what you can do. Available online: https://magnoliacompanies.com/how-carbon-monoxide-can-kill-and-what-you-can-do/ (accessed on 19 July 2023).

16. Vilcekova S. Indoor nitrogen oxides. Available online: https://ideas.repec.org/h/ito/pchaps/13302.html (accessed on 10 June 2023).

17. Centers of Disease Control. WHO guidelines for indoor air quality: Selected pollutants. Available online: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/260127/9789289002134-eng.pdf (accessed on 10 June 2023).

18. Fernández LC, Alvarez RF, González-Barcala FJ, et al. Indoor air contaminants and their impact on respiratory pathologies. Arch Bronconeumol 2013; 49(1): 22–27. doi: 10.1016/j.arbr.2012.11.004

19. Particle pollution. Available online: https://www.cdc.gov/air/particulate_matter.html (accessed on 19 July 2023).

20. Broderick A, Byrne M, Armstrong S, et al. A pre and post evaluation of indoor air quality, ventilation, and thermal comfort in retrofitted co-operative social housing. Building and Environment 2017; 122: 126–133. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.05.020

21. Available online: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/wash-documents/wash-chemicals/formaldehyde-bd-130605.pdf?sfvrsn=4b7ff7b1_4 (accessed on 10 June 2023).

22. What should I know about formaldehyde and indoor air quality? Available online: https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/what-should-i-know-about-formaldehyde-and-indoor-air-quality (accessed on 19 July 2023).

23. Jantunen MJ, Hanninen O, Katsouyanni K, et al. Health & environmental research online (HERO). Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology 1998; 8(4): 495–518.

24. Lucialli P, Marinello S, Pollini E, et al. Indoor and outdoor concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene in some Italian schools evaluation of areas with different air pollution. Atmospheric Pollution Research 2020; 11(11): 1998–2010. doi: 10.1016/j.apr.2020.08.007

25. Kotzias D, Koistinen K, Kephalopoulos S, et al. The index project—Critical appraisal of the setting and implementation of indoor exposure limits in the EU. Available online: https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC31622 (accessed on 5 July 2023.)

26. Singh D, Kumar A, Kumar K, et al. Statistical modeling of O3, NOx, CO, PM2.5, VOCs and noise levels in commercial complex and associated health risk assessment in an academic institution. Science of The Total Environment 2016; 572: 586–594. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.086

27. Sinha SN, Kulkarni PK, Shah SH, et al. Environmental monitoring of benzene and toluene produced in indoor air due to combustion of solid biomass fuels. Science of The Total Environment 2006; 357(1–3): 280–287. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.08.011

28. Broderick Á, Byrne M, Armstrong S, et al. A pre and post evaluation of indoor air quality, ventilation, and thermal comfort in retrofitted co-operative social housing. Building and Environment 2017; 122: 126–133. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.05.020

29. Dodson RE, Levy JI, Spengler JD, et al. Influence of basements, garages, and common hallways on indoor residential volatile organic compound concentrations. Atmospheric Environment 2008; 42(7): 1569–1581. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.10.088

30. Geiss O, Giannopoulos G, Tirendi S, et al. The AIRMEX study—VOC measurements in public buildings and schools/kindergartens in eleven European cities: Statistical analysis of the data. Atmospheric Environment 2011; 45(22): 3676–3684. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.04.037

31. Langer S, Bekö G, Bloom E, et al. Indoor air quality in passive and conventional new houses in Sweden. Building and Environment 2015; 93(Part 1): 92–100. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.02.004

32. Air toxics. Available online: https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/pollution/monitoring/air/air-pollution/pollutants/toxics (accessed on 19 July 2023).

33. Liu K, Zhang C, Cheng Y, et al. Serious BTEX pollution in rural area of the north China plain during winter season. Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015; 30: 186–190. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2014.05.056

34. Edwards RD, Jurvelin J, Saarela K, et al. VOC concentrations measured in personal samples and residential indoor, outdoor and workplace microenvironments in EXPOLIS-Helsinki, Finland. Atmospheric Environment 2001; 35(27): 4531–4543. doi: 10.1016/s1352-2310(01)00230-8

35. Adewumi AT, Samuel SO, Aleshinloye AO. The prevalence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in west Africa—A review. Environmental Challenges 2022; 7: 100486. doi: 10.1016/j.envc.2022.100486

36. Jia C, Batterman S. A critical review of naphthalene sources and exposures relevant to indoor and outdoor air. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2010; 7(7): 2903–2939. doi: 10.3390/ijerph7072903

37. Trichloroethylene (TCE) in indoor air. Available online: https://www.mass.gov/service-details/trichloroethylene-tce-in-indoor-air (accessed on 19 July 2023).

38. Pokhrel AK, Bates MN, Acharya J, et al. PM2.5 in household kitchens of Bhaktapur, Nepal, using four different cooking fuels. Atmospheric Environment 2015; 113: 159–168. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.04.060

39. Armendáriz-Arnez C, Edwards RD, Johnson M, et al. Indoor particle size distributions in homes with open fires and improved Patsari cook stoves. Atmospheric Environment 2010; 44(24): 2881–2886. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.04.049

40. Sidhu MK, Ravindra K, Mor S, John S. Household air pollution from various types of rural kitchens and its exposure assessment. Science of The Total Environment 2017; 586: 419–429. doi: 10.1016/j.scitoenv.2017.01.051

41. Yip F, Christensen B, Sircar K, et al. Assessment of traditional and improved stove use on household air pollution and personal exposures in rural western Kenya. Environment International 2017; 99: 185–191. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.11.015

42. Luengas A, Barona A, Hort C, et al. A review of indoor air treatment technologies. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology 2015; 14: 499–522. doi: 10.1007/s11157-015-9363-9

43. Guieysse B, Hort C, Platel V, et al. Biological treatment of indoor air for VOC removal: Potential and challenges. Biotechnology Advances 2008; 26(5): 398–410. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.03.005

44. Available online: https://www.cocarb.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Illustration-for-cocarb-march_Part-2-05-300x300.jpg (accessed on 11 November 2022).

45. de Robles D, Kramer SW. Improving indoor air quality through the use of ultraviolet technology in commercial buildings. Procedia Engineering 2017; 196: 888–894. doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2017.08.021

46. Mo J, Zhang Y, Xu Q, et al. Photocatalytic purification of volatile organic compounds in indoor air: A literature review. Atmospheric Environment 2009; 43(14): 2229–2246. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.01.034

47. Wu J, Li C, Zhao X, et al. Photocatalytic oxidation of gas-phase Hg0 by CuO/TiO2. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2015; 176–177: 559–569. doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.04.044

48. Weschler CJ. Ozone’s impact on public health: Contributions from indoor exposures to ozone and products of ozone-initiated chemistry. Environmental Health Perspectives 2006; 114(10): 1489–1496. doi: 10.1289/ehp.9256