Vol. 8 No. 3(Publishing)

Open Access

Original Research Article

Abstract

ACE-5692

Environmental impact of oil spills on water resources altering physical properties and treatment approaches

by Iqbal Khalaf Erabee, Mustafa M. Mansour, Alaa M. Lafta

2025,8(3); 65 Views

doi: https://doi.org/10.59429/ace.v8i3.5692

Abstract Water in its natural sources is exposed to many types of pollution, some chemical and some biological. Oil is one of the most common sources of water pollution affecting the coasts, seas, and oceans. Oil pollution of the environment leads to a group of very serious real disasters, some of which can be observed, counted, and controlled from the beginning of the pollution and for several days and months, and among them are not measurable. However, crude oil contains a small soluble fraction referred to as the water-soluble fraction (WSF). Oil pollution and its negative effects on the environment, especially on the aquatic environment and the living organisms that live in it as well as its effects on human health, as well as the causes and sources of oil pollution, and the impact of oil pollution on changing the physical properties of water. In this study different percentages (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 %) of crude oil were added to tap water, the results showed a marked difference in the physical properties of the water, where an increase in pH, electrical conductivity, and total dissolved solids was observed. Also, methods for treating spilled oil was studied. The results indicate that oil contamination significantly alters water quality parameters, with increased turbidity and reduced surface tension being the most prominent.

Open Access

Original Research Article

Abstract

ACE-5665

Sustainable Solutions and Innovations in Sand Filtration for Safe Drinking Water in Arid Areas

by Ahmed Elshaikh, Ahmed Osman, Maher Abdalla, Elsiddig Elsheikh, Jamal Mabrouki

2025,8(3); 59 Views

doi: https://doi.org/10.59429/ace.v8i3.5665

Abstract Sand filtration stands as a time-tested method for water treatment, yet advancements in technology continue to enhance its effectiveness and efficiency. This paper explores the latest innovations and applications aimed at improving sand filtration for the provision of safe drinking water. Through a comprehensive evaluation of recent developments, this study identifies key innovations in filter media, design modifications, and operational strategies that optimize sand filtration performance. Moreover, it examines the diverse applications of innovative sand filtration techniques in addressing and improving water quality in various contexts. Considering the evaluation of efficiency, scalability, and sustainability of these advancements, this research provides valuable insights into optimizing sand filtration for safe drinking water with focus on rural areas. Finally, through a synthesis of analytical insights and practical case studies, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in sand filtration technology, offering valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers seeking to adopt sustainable solutions for the promotion of safe water for rural development.

Open Access

Original Research Article

Abstract

ACE-5637

Eco-friendly iron removal from contaminated water using chemically modified rice straw: Adsorption mechanisms and performance

by Nur Qudus, Harianingsih, Virgiawan Adi Kristianto, Dimas Gustoro, Muhammad Arief Kariem, Indra Sakti Pangestu, Rizky Ilham Fadzillah

2025,8(3); 39 Views

doi: https://doi.org/10.59429/ace.v8i3.5637

Abstract The availability of water does not always guarantee its quality, particularly when it is contaminated with iron (Fe), which poses health risks such as kidney failure, cardiovascular diseases, and digestive disorders. This study evaluates the potential of rice straw -modified Ca(OH)₂ (Rs-OCa) as an adsorbent for removing Fe(II) ions from groundwater. Rice straw, a widely available agricultural waste in Indonesia, was chemically modified to enhance its adsorption capacity by increasing active sites, removing lignin, and improving its affinity for metal ions. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of hydroxyl (-OH) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, while XRD analysis revealed both crystalline and amorphous structures that contribute to stability and adsorption efficiency. Adsorption tests indicated optimal Fe(II) removal at pH 4–5 with an adsorbent dose of 0.75 g per 100 mL of solution. The adsorption isotherm followed the Langmuir model, with a maximum adsorption capacity (Qₘ) of 22.47 mg/g, indicating a homogeneous monolayer adsorption mechanism. The Freundlich model (KF = 8.91 mg/g, n = 2.5) further confirmed surface heterogeneity and high adsorption efficiency at low Fe (II) concentrations.The results demonstrate that Rs-OCa is an effective, economical, and environmentally friendly adsorbent for iron removal from contaminated water.

Open Access

Original Research Article

Abstract

ACE-5702

Synthesis of carbon nanoparticles from glucose, evaluation of their phenol adsorption capacity, and study their potential as drug delivery systems for treating human pancreatic cancer cells

by Maram Ahmed Alaadin, Ghufran Ashour Hammood, Sahar T. Adday, Amer Hamied Hussein, Anmar Haitham Nouri

2025,8(3); 82 Views

doi: https://doi.org/10.59429/ace.v8i3.5702

Abstract This research focuses on the synthesis of carbon nanoparticles from glucose through the wet chemical method. The dimensions of the generated particles were evaluated through XRD technology, and the capacity of the synthesized nanoparticles to adsorb phenol particles on their surface was illustrated using UV-VIS and FTIR analysis. The calculation of the loading efficiency (DLE) indicated a remarkably high ratio. The dimensions and morphology of the nanoparticles post-adsorption were assessed through Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), revealing the presence of tiny particles within the nanoscale range. To assess the cytotoxic effects on pancreatic cancer cells, various medication doses were prepared utilizing the MTT assay. The results indicate that the generated phenol-loaded nanoparticles exhibit significant potential in eradicating cancer cells.

Open Access

Original Research Article

Abstract

ACE-5680

Sediment transport control and river geometry prediction: AI-Driven model

by Atheer Zaki Al-Qaisi

2025,8(3); 17 Views

doi: https://doi.org/10.59429/ace.v8i3.5680

Abstract The process of sediment movement significantly affects the development of river structures and regulates reservoir operational functions. The accumulation of extreme sediment items diminishes both reservoir capacity and increases operational challenges for hydroelectric facilities and irrigation systems while causing elevated flood-related dangers. In this present study the authors present a feedback control system based on Artificial Intelligence which predicts river geometry and controls sediment transport. This research analyzes three river areas with actual sedimentation issues i.e. Indus River Basin (Pakistan), Nile River Basin (Egypt), and Tigris-Euphrates System (Iraq/Turkey). An optimized sediment transport control system is developed by the combination of AI-driven modeling, hydrological simulations, GIS-based geospatial analysis and real-time data monitoring according to this research study. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Networks and Random Forest Regression were used as AI models. Then pre and post conditions of AI implementation were evaluated in terms of sediment load, sediment control, water saving, etc. Deep learning model LSTM delivers the most successful results for sediment predictions through its R² score reaching 0.94. - Optimized AI-based flushing schedules decreased reservoir sedimentation rates on average by 17.7 percent. AI-based flushing schedules cut water consumption by 18.3% on average which enhances water preservation initiatives.

Open Access

Original Research Article

Abstract

ACE-5661

Effect of temperature on tunneling frequency and dynamic behavior of methyl groups in some organic samples

by N. A. Khalefa

2025,8(3); 48 Views

doi: https://doi.org/10.59429/ace.v8i3.5661

Abstract The Measurements of temperature relaxation (T 1 ) of methyl groups (CH 3 ) 3 , the tunnel splitting (ut Hz), and energy activation (Eg) of some organic chemistry samples were done in this work. The Measurements were performed at different temperature ranged from 4 – 300 K. It was found that the Eg values for all the compounds ranged from 480-1240 kg/mol and the data was used to measure the magnitude values of the potential energy barriers (V 3 ) of the (CH 3 ) 3 in these compounds. The thermal composition mechanism was also investigated and the results indicate the relationship between the hopping rate and the form and height of the levels hindering barriers of collective motion of methyl group protons in samples. In this research, additional calculation for CH 3 tunneling splitting as a result to tunneling frequency was also performed.

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