Applied Chemical Engineering

Oxaliplatin chemistry: Anticancer platinum-based complex of third-generation oxaliplatin (Eloxatin)

Waseem M. Gameel Hasan

Department of pharmaceutical chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ninevah University, 41002, Mosul, Iraq

Eman Ramzi Mohammed

Department of Science, Faculty of Basic Education, University of Mosul, 41002, Mosul, Iraq

Shakir M. Saied

College of Pharmacy, Al-Noor University, Mosul city, Alshallalat Road, 41003, Mosul, Iraq

Mohanad Y. Saleh

Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Science, University of Mosul, 41002, Mosul, Iraq

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59429/ace.v8i3.5723

Keywords: alkylated agents; anticancer platinum-based complexes; oxaliplatin (eloxatin); the complexes stereochemistry; oxaliplatin uses as anticancer; aufbau principle

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Abstract

Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin) is a coordination complex featuring a central platinum atom. Its coordination sphere consists of a trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane ligand and a bidentate oxalate ligand coordinated through its oxygen atoms. Stereochemical studies confirm a square planar geometry around the platinum(II) center, with the trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane and oxalate ligands arranged within this plane. The complex exhibits dsp² hybridization and is diamagnetic. The antineoplastic mechanism of this third-generation platinum-based drug, oxaliplatin (Eloxatin), involves cytotoxicity primarily mediated by interference with cell growth and multiplication. This occurs via a two-stage process: first, the aquation (displacement of the oxalate ligand by water molecules, analogous to chloride displacement in cisplatin); second, the coordination of the activated complex to DNA (primarily), causing DNA adduct formation. This blocks DNA replication and transcription, ultimately triggering programmed cell death (apoptosis).

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