Applied Chemical Engineering

Review study for carbon dioxide capturing technologies

Asmaa Ayed Fhed

College of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology–Baghdad,10066,Iraq

Shurooq T. Al-Humair

College of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology–Baghdad,10066,Iraq

Riyadh S. Al-Mukhtar

College of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology–Baghdad,10066,Iraq

Zahraa Zahraw Al-Janabi

Environmental Research Center, University of Technology – Baghdad,10066,Iraq

Manal Mohamed Adel

Pests & Plant Protection Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt

Ali Hussain Al-Sarji

Department of Oil and Gas Refinery Engineering, Al-Farabi University College, Baghdad, 12083, IRAQ

Auwal Aliyu

Chemical Engineering Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810211, Nigeria

Islam Md Rizwanul Fattah

Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo 2007, Australia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59429/ace.v8i4.5809

Keywords: microalgae-based CO₂ sequestration; bioenergy; negative emissions technologies; bioreactors; BECCS, microalgae-based CO₂ sequestration, negative emissions technologies.

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Abstract

Greenhouse gas emissions, particularly CO₂, continue to drive global warming and threaten energy security. This review evaluates current CO₂ capture technologies—including membrane separation, cryogenic separation, chemical absorption, adsorption using porous solids, chemical looping, and microalgae-based carbon capture. While advanced, conventional CCS methods face challenges such as high energy demand, costly infrastructure, solvent degradation, and environmental risks. Among emerging alternatives, bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) and microalgae cultivation show strong potential for achieving negative emissions. Vertical tubular photobioreactors and flue-gas-fed cultivation systems demonstrate high biomass productivity and effective CO₂ biofixation. This review summarizes the advantages and limitations of each technology and highlights the need for developing low-energy solvents, durable membrane materials, optimized adsorption media, and cost-effective microalgae cultivation systems. These insights support future efforts to improve the economic viability and environmental sustainability of CO₂ mitigation technologies.

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