Applied Chemical Engineering

One-pot synthesis of triazole and oxadiazoline derivatives from naproxen: A sustainable approach in green chemistry

Nagham Majid Abdulhassan

Chemistry Department, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 10052, Iraq

Abdull Jabar Attia

Chemistry Department, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 10052, Iraq

Falah S. Al-Fartusie

Chemistry Department, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 10052, Iraq

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59429/ace.v9i1.5820

Keywords: naproxen; triazole; oxdiazoline; One-Pot Synthesis; green chemistry; LD50, medicinal chemist

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Abstract

This study presents a novel, one-pot synthetic strategy for preparing triazole and oxadiazoline derivatives directly from naproxen. This approach aligns with the principles of green chemistry, aiming to enhance synthetic efficiency by minimizing reaction steps and reducing waste. By eliminating the need for multiple isolation and purification stages, this method offers a sustainable alternative to conventional multi-step procedures. The synthesized compounds underwent structural confirmation using a suite of spectroscopic techniques, specifically Fourier-Transform Infrared  spectroscopy, Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance  spectroscopy, and Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy and CNMR dept 135 and CNMR dept 90. Further analysis supported their potential as anti-inflammatory agents through molecular docking studies. These studies demonstrated strong binding affinities of the compounds to the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme, suggesting a favorable mechanism of action for anti-inflammatory activity. Additionally, their acute toxicity was assessed by determining the LD50 values, providing preliminary data on their safety profile. Collectively, the new derivatives exhibited promising multi-target activity. The synthesized compounds exhibit potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects, demonstrating significant efficacy against both “Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis”, and “Gram-negative bacteria, including Klebsiella species and Escherichia coli. Furthermore, they show promising antifungal activity against the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans”. This research demonstrates that a sustainable, one-pot synthesis can efficiently generate new compounds with valuable biological properties. Sustained-release naproxen derivatives show significant potential for future development in medicinal chemistry. This work highlights the constructive collaboration between green chemistry principles and the discovery of novel therapeutic agents.

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