Applied Chemical Engineering

Synthesis and Characterization New Polymeric Drugs and Study Their Controlled Drug Release

Wisam Abdul Jaleel Jawad

Department of chemistry/ college of science/ University of Babylon/ Iraq

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59429/ace.v9i1.5821

Keywords: Synthesis, Chitosan , macromolecules , Controlled drug release

---

Abstract

Prodrug based on polymers are pictured macromolecules and these prodrugs performance unique angle to raise the solubility and pharmacokinetics and pharmacological properties. According to their benefits as anticancer drugs, the highlights focused on the synthesis of prodrug polymers and their applications in medicine field, So these polymers having degradable amide bonds linked to paracetamol and ester bonds bounded to ciprofloxacin as a material for drug delivery .

The characterization of the resulting products were carried by FT-IR, 1H – NMR , XRD, thermal analyses (TG, DTG, DTA, DSC)  swelling ratio , controlled drug release and Anti-oxidant as an application of these polymers.

---

References

[1]. Arthur ER, Girard D., Haskell SL., "Pharmacokinetics of sultamicillin in Mice, Rats and Dogs", Antimicrob. Agents chemother., (1984), 25 (5), P: 599 , 602.

[2]. Jayant Khandare and Tamara Minko, "Polymer – drug Conjugates: progress in Polymeric Prodrugs", J. progress in Polymer Science ,(2006), volume (31), issue (4) , P:360.

[3]. B .T. Iber , N.A. Kasan, D.Torrsabo , J.W.Omuwa, "A review of various sources of chitin and chitosan in Nature", Journal of renewable materials (2022), vol 10, P: 1097-1123.

[4]. Sonam, Hema Chaudary, Vimal Arora, Kanchan Kholi and Vikash Kumar, "Effect of Physiochemical Properties of Biodegradable Polymers on Nano Drug Delivery" , Polymer

[5]. Reviews, (2013), (53), P: 546-567 DOI : 10.1080/15583724.2013.828751

[6]. Thanou M., J.C. Verhoef, H.E Junginger , "Oral drug absorbtion enhancement by chitosan and it’s derivatives", Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, (2001) , (S2) , p: 120 DOI : 10.1016/ 50169-409x (01) 00231-9

[7]. Maria Vittoria Spanedda and Line Bourel-Bonnet, "Cyclic Anhydrides as Powerful Tools for Bio conjugation and Smart Delivery", Bio Conjugate Chem, (2021), (32), P:482 DOI:10.1021/ acs.bio conchem .1 C00023

[8]. Kobra Nikoofar and Man soorehsadat Sadath Osainy, "Phthalic an hydride (PA) : a Valuable Substrate in Organic transformations" , Journal of RSC Advances , ( 2023 ), 13 , P: 23870, DOI : 101039/ d 3rao 3378c

[9]. Vladimir V. Kouznetsov, Daniela Calderon Lamus and Carlos E. Puerto Galvis, "Synthesis and Characterization of New Functionalized 1,2,3 Triazole-Based Acetaminophen Derivatives Via Click Chemistry From Expired Commercial Acetaminophen Tablet's" , Journal of Reactions , (2023), 4(3), P:329, DOI :10.3390/ reactions. 4030020

[10]. Alfio Bertolini , Anna Ferrari , Alessandra Ottani , Simona Guerzoni , Raffaella Tacchi and Sheila Leone, "Paracetamol : New Vistas of an Old Drug" , CNS Drug Reviews , ( 2006 ) , V0l.12 , N0.3 _4, p : 251 , 252

[11]. Buthaina Juben, Zeniab Breijyeh and Rafik Karaman, "Antibacterial Prodrugs to Overcome Bacterial Resistance", Journal of molecules , (2020) ,25,1543, P: 5, DOI :10.3390/ molecules 25071543

[12]. Firyal Mohmmad Ali, "Synthesis of Ciprofloxacin Prodrug Chitosan", Journal of Babylon University/ Pure and Applied Sciences , (2016) , VOl.(24), NO. (3) , P: 685

[13]. Gan B.Bajracharya, Rashmi Koju, Sarbeshwar Ojha, Sashisu Nayak, Sabita Subedi and Hiroaki Sasai, "Plasticizers: Synthesis of phthalate esters via FeCl3 – Catalyzed nucleophilic addition of alcohols to Phthalic anhydride", Result in Chemistry, (2021), volume (3), P:1, DOI: 10.1016/ J.rechem. 2021.100190.

[14]. Maria Kulawska, Henryk Moroz and Aleksandra Kasprzyk, "Kinetic Investigations on the esterification of phthalic anhydride with n-heptyl, n – nonyl or n – undecyl alcohol over sulfuric acid Catalyst", Reac. Kinet, Mech. Cat, (2011). vol (104), P:11, DOI: 10.1007/s11144-011-0337-9.

[15]. Praachi Kakati and Satish Kumar A wasthi, "Chitosan Supported ionic liquid, amultifaceted Catalyst for streamlined and efficient synthesis of Carboxylic, amino acid and Carbohydrate esters", Royal society of chemistry, (2024), vol (14), P:36196, DOI: 10.1039/D4RA05725B.

[16]. Ismiyarto, Oonita Mumtazation, Elmi Christi, Julia Pandelaki, etal., "Synthesis of Carboxylated Chitosan amide using some Cyclic Antydride and Their Activities as Antifungel" Jurnal KIMIA VALENSI (2023), Vol 9 (2), No (2), P: 227, DOI: 10.15408/jkv.vqi 2.25244.

[17]. A.A. Usman, H. Musa, A.Abdussalam, Z. Hamma, M.B Ibrahim, "Synthesis and Characterization of Water Soluble Acetaminophen Starch Conjugate with Methylene Carbonyl Bridge and Improved Solubility", Bayero Journal of pure and Applied Sciences, (2021), 13 (1), P:57, DOI: 10.4314/bajo pas. V13i1.9.

[18]. Lukman Atmaja, Herianus Manimoy and Lina Eka Arizka, "Modification of Chitosan – Chitosan Phthalate Anhydrides Matrices", The Journal of Technology and Science, (2019), Vol 30(3), P: 99.

[19]. Sharad P. Parwe, Priti N. chaudhari, Kavita K. Mohite, Balajis. Selukar, Smita S. Nunde and Baijayantimala Garnaik, "Synthesis of Ciprofloxacin – Conjugated Poly (L – Lactic acid) Polymer for nanofiber fabrication and antibacterial evaluation", International Jounal of Nanomedicine, (2014), (20) 4, 9 , P: 1466.

[20]. Amal F.Al – Dulaimi, Myasar Al – Kotaji and Faris T. Abachi, "Development of Novel Paracetamol/Naproxen Co – Crystals for Improvement in Naproxen Solubility", Iraqi Jpharm Sci, (2022), Vol.31 (1), P.12, DOI: 10.31351/Vol.13 ISS.1, P: 202, 219.

[21]. Lamiaa H. Saleh, Raheem Jameel, Mohammed Sabar AL – Lami, Rana Mohammed Abdulrabi, "Synthesis and Preliminary Pharmaceutical Evaluation of New Polymeric Prodrug of Levofloxacin as a Drug Delivery System", Egyptian Journal of chemistry, (2021), vol.64, No.1, P:4 , DOI: 10.21608/EJCHEM.2020. 34131.2720.

[22]. Lucemara C.Banderia, Beatriz M.de Campos, E.H. de Faria, etal., "TG / DTG / DTA / DSC As a tool for Studying Deposition By The Sol – Gel Process on Materials obtained by Rapid prototyping", Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, (2009), Vol.79, P: 68.

[23]. Ignazio Blanco and Valentina Siracusa, "The use of Thermal Techniques in the Characterization of Bio – Sourced Polymers", Materials, (2021), 14(7), P:13, 14. DOI: 10.3390/ma 14071686.

[24]. Solmaz Maleki Dizaj, Farzaneh Lotfipour, Mohammad Barzegar – Jalali, Mohammed – Hossein Zarrintan and Khosro Adibkia, "Cipnofloxalin HCl – Loaded Calcium Carbonate nanoparticles: Preparation, Solid State characterization, and evaluation of antimicrobial effects against Staphylococcus aurcus", An International Journal Artifical Cells, Nano Medicine and Biotechnology, (2017), Vol (45), No.3, P:539, DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2016.1161637.

[25]. Fatih Puza, " Fabrication of Physically Cross linked Hydrogel materials with good mechanicl properties", ph.D. Dissertation, (2021), p:34.

[26]. Emine Bulut, "Controlled delivery of the Popular non Steroidal anti – inflammatory drug, Paracetamol from Chitosan – g – Poly acrylamide microspheres prepared by the emulsion crosslinking, technique", An International Journal Artifical cells, Nano medicine and Biotechnology, (2016), (44), P:1484. DOI: 10.13109/2169/401.2015.1042109.

[27]. Shi Vakalyani Adepu and Seeram Ramakrishia, "Controlled Drug Delivery system: Current Status and Future Directions", Molecules, (2021), volume (26), ISSN: 5905, P:17, DOI: 10.3390/molecules. 26195905.

[28]. Vivien Nagy, "Chitosan – natural antioxidant conjugate: Synthesis, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties", M.Sc Thesis, (2018), P:103.

[29]. Subhala Kshmi Nagarajan, Ramaswamy Ivagarajan , Jayant Kumar, Adele Salemmme, Anna Rita Tonga, Luciano Saso and Ferdinan do Bruno, " Antioxidant Activity of synthetic Polymers of Phenolic Compounds" , polymer Journal, (2020), volume (12), p: 1647,1648, DOI: 10.3390/polym.12081646.