Applied Chemical Engineering

Machine Learning Approaches for Biomass Resource Mapping and Sustainable Energy Planning

Smita Desai

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology, Sant Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune – 411018, Maharashtra, India; Dnyaan Prasad Global University (DPGU), School of Technology and Research – Dr. D. Y. Patil Unitech Society, Sant Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune – 411018, Maharashtra, India

Sushama Shirke

Department of Computer Engineering, Army Institute of Technology, Dighi Hills, Pune – 411015, Maharashtra, India.

Vishvas V. Kalunge

Department of Computer Engineering, Dhole Patil College of Engineering, Wagholi, Pune – 412207, Maharashtra, India.

Sireesha Koneru

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Greenfields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur – 522502, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Gaurav Raju Khobragade

Department of Mathematics, Ramdeobaba University, Ramdeo Tekdi, Katol Road, Nagpur – 440013, Maharashtra, India

Vidhi Rajendra Kadam

Department of Computer Engineering, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Engineering, Navi Mumbai – 400614, Maharashtra, India.

Shyamsing Thakur

Department of Mechanical Engineering, D. Y. Patil College of Engineering, Akurdi, Pune – 411044, Maharashtra, India, Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University Maharashtra, India.

Govindarajan Murali

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Greenfields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur – 522502, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Anant Sidhappa Kurhade

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology, Sant Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune – 411044 411018, Maharashtra, India; Dnyaan Prasad Global University (DPGU), School of Technology and Research – Dr. D. Y. Patil Unitech Society, Sant Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune – 411018, Maharashtra, India

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59429/ace.v9i1.5843

Keywords: Biomass resource; GIS–based layers; renewable energy planning, Sustainable Energy Planning

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Abstract

Biomass resource mappings are essential tasks for sustainable energy planning, since it offers information on the potential supply, geographical availability of resources, plant sitting, transportation opportunities and roadmap towards long term renewable energy concepts that have policy relevance. Its relevance is increasing as countries are embracing low carbon economy’s roadmaps which demand for reliable spatial quantitative estimations of forest and waste residues–based biomass potentials. Despite the significant headway, there are still some loopholes in applying remote sensing and machine learning techniques. These limitations comprise scarcity of good quality field data for model calibration, poor integration of socio–economic drivers and difficulties in representing fine–scale spatial variability that hinder accurate estimate of yields at different spatial levels. This paper surveys recent machine learning methods for AGB estimation, discusses their methodological limitations, and proposes future research avenues toward scalable and robust forest biomass mapping. A combination of satellite observations, GIS–based layers and ground inventory data sets are included in the analysis as well as a variety of regression, tree based, kernel based, neural network, deep learning and hybrid modelling approaches over various land coverage areas. According to the previous works, evidence is gathered from the surveyed studies that ensemble and deep learning approaches can enhance prediction performance on multi–source data; GIS–machine learning integration contributes to better site selection and logistics analysis. The results also demonstrate the potential for a combined framework that exploits transfer learning approaches and digital twin methodologies to reduce prediction uncertainty, especially in low–data areas. Such information could help support rational decision–making activities for policymakers, planners and industry actors that consider the role of bioenergy in national energy security, climate change mitigation strategies, resource sustainability and long–term renewable energy planning.

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[94]. Chippalkatti S, Chekuri RB, Ohol SS, Shinde NM, Barmavatu P, Shelkande VD, Murali G, Kurhade AS. Enhancing heat transfer in micro–channel heat sinks through geometrical optimization. J Mines Met Fuels. 2025 Mar 1;73(3). https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2025/47773

[95]. Raut PN, Dolas AS, Chougule SM, Darade MM, Murali G, Waware SY, Kurhade AS. Green adsorbents for heavy metal removal: a study on zinc ion uptake by Tinospora cordifolia biocarbon. J Mines Met Fuels. 2025 Jan 1;73(1). https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2025/47121

[96]. Kurhade AS, Siraskar GD, Bhambare PS, Murali G, Deshpande SV, Warke PS, Waware SY. Simulation and analysis of heat transfer in counter–flow helical double–pipe heat exchangers using CFD. Int J Mod Phys C. 2025 Mar 15. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129183125500433

[97]. Patil Y, Tatiya M, Dharmadhikari DD, Shahakar M, Patil SK, Mahajan RG, Kurhade AS. The role of AI in reducing environmental impact in the mining sector. J Mines Met Fuels. 2025 May 1;73(5).

[98]. Waware SY, Ahire PP, Napate K, Biradar R, Patil SP, Kore SS, Kurhade AS. Advancements in heat transfer enhancement using perforated twisted tapes: a comprehensive review. J Mines Met Fuels. 2025 May 1;73(5). https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2025/48438

[99]. Chougule SM, Murali G, Kurhade AS. Finite element analysis and design optimization of a paddle mixer shaft. J Mines Met Fuels. 2025 May 1;73(5). https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2025/48664

[100]. Chougule SM, Murali G, Kurhade AS. Failure investigation of the driving shaft in an industrial paddle mixer. J Mines Met Fuels. 2025 May 1;73(5). https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2025/48627

[101]. Kurhade AS, Sugumaran S, Kolhalkar NR, Karad MM, Mahajan RG, Shinde NM, Dalvi SA, Waware SY. Thermal management of mobile devices via PCM. J Mines Met Fuels. 2025 May 1;73(5):1313–20. https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2025/48437

[102]. Kurhade AS, Bhavani P, Patil SA, Kolhalkar NR, Chalapathi KS, Patil PA, Waware SY. Mitigating environmental impact: a study on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with biodiesel blend. J Mines Met Fuels. 2025 Apr 1;73(4):981–9. https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2025/47669

[103]. Kurhade AS, Siraskar GD, Chekuri RB, Murali G, Pawar P, Patil AR, Waware SY, Yadav RS. Biodiesel blends: a sustainable solution for diesel engine performance improvement. J Mines Met Fuels. 2025 Mar 1;73(3). https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2025/47628

[104]. Kurhade AS, Siraskar GD, Darade MM, Murali G, Katkar TR, Patil SP, Charwad GA, Waware SY, Yadav RS. Enhancement in heat transfer with nanofluids in double–pipe heat exchangers. J Mines Met Fuels. 2025 Jan 7;73(1):165–72. https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2025/47225

[105]. Napte K, Kondhalkar GE, Patil SV, Kharat PV, Banarase SM, Kurhade AS, Waware SY. Recent advances in sustainable concrete and steel alternatives for marine infrastructure. Sustain Mar Struct. 2025 Jun 4:107–31. https://doi.org/10.36956/sms.v7i2.2072

[106]. Kurhade AS, Chougule SM, Kharat PV, Kondhalkar GE, Murali G, Raut PN, Charwad GA, Waware SY, Yadav RS. Integrated approach to enhance vehicle safety: a novel bumper design with energy–absorbing mechanisms. J Mines Met Fuels. 2025 Jan 1;73(1). https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2025/47168

[107]. Yadav R, Nimbalkar A, Kirpekar S, Patil PJ, Dalvi SA, Jadhav PA, Kurhade AS, Wakchaure GN. Effect of transformed–induced plasticity steel plate thickness on ultimate tensile strength of butt welded joint using Nd:YAG laser. Int J Veh Struct Syst. 2024;16(6):857–62. https://doi.org/10.4273/ijvss.16.6.08

[108]. Deshpande SV, Pawar RS, Keche AJ, Kurhade A. Real–time surface finish measurement of stepped holding shaft by automatic system. J Adv Manuf Syst. 2025 Feb 25:1–26.

[109]. Ramani P, Reji V, Sathish Kumar V, Murali G, Kurhade AS. Deep learning–based detection and classification of moss and crack damage in rock structures for geo–mechanical preservation. J Mines Met Fuels. 2025 Mar 1;73(3). https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2025/47760

[110]. Kurhade AS, Siraskar GD, Deshmukh MT, Patil PA, Chaudhari SS, Kadam AA, Dolas AS, Mahajan RG, Waware SY, Yadav RS. Impact of PCM on heat dissipation from IC chips. J Mines Met Fuels. 2025 Mar 1;73(3). https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2025/47522

[111]. Kurhade AS, Kharat PV, Chougule SM, Darade MM, Karad MM, Murali G, Charwad GA, Waware SY, Yadav RS. Harnessing the power of plastic waste: a sustainable approach to fuel production. J Mines Met Fuels. 2025 Feb 1;73(2). https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2025/47354

[112]. Sarode GC, Gholap P, Pathak KR, Vali PSNM, Saharkar U, Murali G, Kurhade AS. Edge AI and explainable models for real–time decision–making in ocean renewable energy systems. Sustain Mar Struct. 2025 Jun 24;7(3):17–42. https://doi.org/10.36956/sms.v7i3.2239

[113]. Chougule SM, Murali G, Kurhade AS. Dynamic simulation and performance evaluation of vibratory bowl feeders integrated with paddle shaft mechanisms. Adv Sci Technol Res J. 2025;19(7). https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/203873

[114]. Chougule SM, Murali G, Kurhade AS. Design and analysis of industrial material handling systems using FEA and dynamic simulation techniques. J Sci Ind Res. 2025 Jun 18;84(6):645–53. https://doi.org/10.56042/jsir.v84i6.17512

[115]. Kurhade AS, Siraskar GD, Raut PN, Dolas AS, Murali G, Dalvi SA, Waware SY, Yadav RS. Investigating the impact of oxygenated additives on exhaust emissions from unleaded gasoline vehicles. J Mines Met Fuels. 2025 Feb 1;73(2). https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2025/47410

[116]. Siraskar GD, Kurhade AS, Murali G, Prakash MA, Bharathiraja N, Dharmadhikari DD, Waware SY. Turbulence model comparison and optimal geometry identification in trapped vortex combustors: a RANS–based study. Int J Mod Phys C. 2025 Sep 24:2650020. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129183126500208

[117]. Keloth Kaithari D, Kaulage A, Ayyappadas MT, Gholap P, Puri A, Bhandari MA, et al. A review of smart AI systems for real–time monitoring and optimization of ocean–based carbon capture, utilization, and storage networks. Appl Chem Eng. 2025 Sep 17;8(3):ACE–5747. https://doi.org/10.59429/ace.v8i3.5747

[118]. Dhamdhere P, Dixit SM, Tatiya M, Shinde BA, Deone J, Kaulage A, et al. AI–based monitoring and management in smart aquaculture for ocean fish farming systems. Appl Chem Eng. 2025 Sep 17;8(3):ACE–5746. https://doi.org/10.59429/ace.v8i3.5746

[119]. Keloth Kaithari D, Ayyappadas MT, Goel S, Shahin A, Patil SK, Chaudhari SS, et al. A review on GA–NN based control strategies for floating solar–ocean hybrid energy platforms. Appl Chem Eng. 2025 Sep 15;8(3):ACE–5745. https://doi.org/10.59429/ace.v8i3.5745

[120]. Bhambare PS, Kaulage A, Darade MM, Murali G, Dixit SM, Vali PSNM, et al. Artificial intelligence for sustainable environmental management in the mining sector: a review. Appl Chem Eng. 2025 Sep 18;8(3):ACE–5756. https://doi.org/10.59429/ace.v8i3.5756

[121]. Dharmadhikari DD, Ray A, Shinde BA, Raut SV, Taware RD, Desai S, et al. Machine learning applications in ore grade estimation and blending optimization for modern mining. Appl Chem Eng. 2025 Nov 6;8(4):ACE–5790. https://doi.org/10.59429/ace.v8i4.5790

[122]. Tatiya M, Darade MM, Shinde BA, Kumbhare MP, Taware RD, Chougule SM, et al. AI applications in tailings and waste management: improving safety, recycling, and water utilization. Appl Chem Eng. 2025 Nov 5;8(4):ACE–5789. https://doi.org/10.59429/ace.v8i4.5789

[123]. Upadhe SN, Mhamane SC, Kurhade AS, Bapat PV, Dhavale DB, Kore LJ. Water saving and hygienic faucet for public places in developing countries. In: Techno–Societal 2018: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Societal Applications. Vol 1. Cham: Springer; 2019. p. 617–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/978–3–030–16848–3_56

[124]. Kurhade AS, Siraskar GD, Darade MM, Dhumal JR, Kardile CS, Biradar R, Patil SP, Waware SY. Predicting heat transfer enhancement with twisted tape inserts using fuzzy logic techniques in heat exchangers. J Mines Met Fuels. 2024;72(7):743–50. https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2024/45348

[125]. Kurhade AS, Siraskar GD, Kondhalkar GE, Darade MM, Yadav RS, Biradar R, Waware SY, Charwad GA. Optimizing aerofoil design: a comprehensive analysis of aerodynamic efficiency through CFD simulations and wind tunnel experiments. J Mines Met Fuels. 2024;72(7):713–24. https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2024/45361

[126]. Kurhade AS, Kadam AA, Biradar R, Bhambare PS, Gadekar T, Patil P, Yadav RS, Waware SY. Experimental investigation of heat transfer from symmetric and asymmetric IC chips mounted on the SMPS board with and without PCM. J Adv Res Fluid Mech Therm Sci. 2024;121(1):137–47. https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.121.1.137147

[127]. Kurhade AS, Siraskar GD, Bhambare PS, Dixit SM, Waware SY. Numerical investigation on the influence of substrate board thermal conductivity on electronic component temperature regulation. J Adv Res Numer Heat Trans. 2024;23(1):28–37. https://doi.org/10.37934/arnht.23.1.2837

[128]. Kurhade AS, Waware SY, Munde KH, Biradar R, Yadav RS, Patil P, Patil VN, Dalvi SA. Performance of solar collector using recycled aluminum cans for drying. J Mines Met Fuels. 2024 May 1;72(5). https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2024/44643

[129]. Kurhade AS, Kardekar NB, Bhambare PS, Waware SY, Yadav RS, Pawar P, Kirpekar S. A comprehensive review of electronic cooling technologies in harsh field environments: obstacles, progress, and prospects. J Mines Met Fuels. 2024;72(6):557–79. https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2024/45212

[130]. Kurhade AS, Waware SY, Bhambare PS, Biradar R, Yadav RS, Patil VN. A comprehensive study on Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel and dimethyl carbonate blends: performance optimization and emission control in diesel engines. J Mines Met Fuels. 2024;72(5):499–507. https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2024/45188

[131]. Kurhade AS, Biradar R, Yadav RS, Patil P, Kardekar NB, Waware SY, Munde KH, Nimbalkar AG, Murali G. Predictive placement of IC chips using ANN–GA approach for efficient thermal cooling. J Adv Res Fluid Mech Therm Sci. 2024;118(2):137–47. https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.118.2.137147

[132]. Waware SY, Chougule SM, Yadav RS, Biradar R, Patil P, Munde KH, Kardekar NB, Nimbalkar AG, Kurhade AS, Murali G, Kore SS. A comprehensive evaluation of recent studies investigating nanofluids utilization in heat exchangers. J Adv Res Fluid Mech Therm Sci. 2024;119(2):160–72. https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.119.2.160172

[133]. Kurhade AS, Murali G, Rao TV. CFD approach for thermal management to enhance the reliability of IC chips. Int J Eng Trends Technol. 2022;71(3):65–72. https://doi.org/10.14445/22315381/IJETT–V71I3P208

[134]. Kurhade AS, Rao TV, Mathew VK, Patil NG. Effect of thermal conductivity of substrate board for temperature control of electronic components: a numerical study. Int J Mod Phys C. 2021 Oct 26;32(10):2150132. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129183121501321

[135]. Waware SY, Kore SS, Kurhade AS, Patil SP. Innovative heat transfer enhancement in tubular heat exchanger: an experimental investigation with minijet impingement. J Adv Res Fluid Mech Therm Sci. 2024;116(2):51–8. https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.116.2.5158

[136]. Kurhade AS, Murali G. Thermal control of IC chips using phase change material: a CFD investigation. Int J Mod Phys C. 2022 Dec 28;33(12):2250159. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129183122501595

[137]. Rami Reddy S, Murali G, Dhana Raju V. Assessment of diethyl ether as a fuel additive on diesel engine characteristics powered with waste mango seed biodiesel blend. Int J Ambient Energy. 2022 Dec 31;43(1):3365–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2020.1824944

[138]. Emeema J, Murali G, Reddi BV, Mangesh VL. Investigations on paraffin wax/CQD composite phase change material: improved latent heat and thermal stability. J Energy Storage. 2024 Apr 30;85:111056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2024.111056

[139]. Rami Reddy S, Murali G, Dhana Raju V. Influence of decanol as fuel additive on characteristics of diesel engine powered with mango seed biodiesel blend. Int J Ambient Energy. 2022 Dec 31;43(1):2875–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2020.1783356

[140]. Tamiloli N, Venkatesan J, Murali G, Kodali SP, Sampath Kumar T, Arunkumar MP. Optimization of end milling on Al–SiC–fly ash metal matrix composite using TOPSIS and fuzzy logic. SN Appl Sci. 2019;1(10):1204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452–019–1191–z