Applied Chemical Engineering

AI Models for Life-Cycle Assessment of Bio-Energy Technologies and Pollution Quantification

Madhuri Karad

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology, Sant Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune — 411018, Maharashtra, India ; Dnyaan Prasad Global University (DPGU), School of Technology and Research — Dr. D. Y. Patil Unitech Society, Sant Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune, 411018, Maharashtra, India.

Puja Gholap

Department of Computer Engineering, Sharadchandra Pawar College of Engineering, Dumberwadi (Otur), Junnar, Pune — 412409, Maharashtra, India

Ashwini Dhumal

Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Engineering, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Engineering, Management and Research, Akurdi, Pune – 411044, Maharashtra, India.

Vilas Suresh Mane

Department of Mechanical Engineering, MES Wadia College of Engineering, Pune — 411001, Maharashtra, India.

N. Alangudi Balaji

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Greenfields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur —522502, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Kunal Ingole

Ramdeobaba University, Ramdeo Tekdi, Katol Road, Nagpur — 440013, Maharashtra, India.

Rahul N. Patil

Department of Computer Engineering, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Engineering, Navi Mumbai —400614, Maharashtra, India.

Shital Yashwant Waware

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology, Sant Tukaram Nagar, Pimpiversity (DPGU), School of Technology and Research — Dr. D. Y. Patil Unitech Society, Sant Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune, 4110ri, Pune — 411018, Maharashtra, India.; Dnyaan Prasad Global Un18, Maharashtra, India.

Anant Sidhappa Kurhade

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology, Sant Tukaram Nagar, Pimpiversity (DPGU), School of Technology and Research — Dr. D. Y. Patil Unitech Society, Sant Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune, 4110ri, Pune — 411018, Maharashtra, India.; Dnyaan Prasad Global Un18, Maharashtra, India.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59429/ace.v9i1.5855

Keywords: bio-energy; life-cycle assessment; artificial intelligence; machine learning; pollution quantification; emissions monitoring; remote sensing

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Abstract

Bio-energy systems are frequently promoted as low-carbon substitutes for fossil fuels and are closely related to SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and SDG 13 (Climate Action). Actual environmental performance, however, is contingent on supply-chain design, choice of feedstock, set-up of the technology and local operating conditions. The life-cycle assessment (LCA) is currently the predominant scientific instrument for assessing these impacts in a comprehensive approach linked to SDG 12 Responsible Consumption and Production. Traditional LCA, however, has to deal with a variety of challenges including data scarcity, spatial and temporal variations, and the necessity to analyze several scenarios depending on changing circumstances. In recent years, some of these limitations can be mitigated by using artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques. This approach facilitates inventory data extrapolation, gap filling and estimation of the nonlinear function between process variables and environmental parameters, all leading to more dynamic and data rich assessment which reflects SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure). This review consolidates a summary of up-to-date studies on AI-enabled LCA approaches for bio-energy systems and pollution assessment methods that interface directly with sustainability evaluation. The paper describes a general description of key aspects related to bio-energy supply chains in LCAs regarding impact categories, including greenhouse gas (GHG), air pollutants, land use and water use with relevance to SDG 6-Clean Water and Sanitation and SDG 15-Life on Land. It subsequently provides an overview of AI and ML applications covering the full bio-energy life cycle, including aspects related to biomass resource assessment and feedstock production as well conversion, upgrading, refining, distribution to end use. Particular focus is given to works that integrate ML with LCA metrics for the prediction of environmental performance or for the optimization of process conditions through sustainability-based indicators. The review also presents AI-facilitated pollution monitoring applications, such as deep learning techniques for emissions detection using remote sensing data, carbon emissions prediction, and air quality monitoring through ML for betterment of SDG 11 (Sustainable Development Goals: Sustainable cities and communities). Major challenges including model interpretability, system boundary consistency, uncertainty propagation and hybrid modelling requirements have been identified. Next, AI focusing on digital twin, scenario analysis supported by AI and interactive LCA tool for informed decision making.

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[92]. Chippalkatti S, Chekuri RB, Ohol SS, Shinde NM, Barmavatu P, Shelkande VD, Murali G, Kurhade AS. Enhancing heat transfer in micro-channel heat sinks through geometrical optimization. J Mines Met Fuels. 2025 Mar 1;73(3). https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2025/47773

[93]. Raut PN, Dolas AS, Chougule SM, Darade MM, Murali G, Waware SY, Kurhade AS. Green adsorbents for heavy metal removal: a study on zinc ion uptake by Tinospora cordifolia biocarbon. J Mines Met Fuels. 2025 Jan 1;73(1). https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2025/47121

[94]. Kurhade AS, Siraskar GD, Bhambare PS, Murali G, Deshpande SV, Warke PS, Waware SY. Simulation and analysis of heat transfer in counter-flow helical double-pipe heat exchangers using CFD. Int J Mod Phys C. 2025 Mar 15. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129183125500433

[95]. Patil Y, Tatiya M, Dharmadhikari DD, Shahakar M, Patil SK, Mahajan RG, Kurhade AS. The role of AI in reducing environmental impact in the mining sector. J Mines Met Fuels. 2025 May 1;73(5).

[96]. Waware SY, Ahire PP, Napate K, Biradar R, Patil SP, Kore SS, Kurhade AS. Advancements in heat transfer enhancement using perforated twisted tapes: a comprehensive review. J Mines Met Fuels. 2025 May 1;73(5). https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2025/48438

[97]. Chougule SM, Murali G, Kurhade AS. Finite element analysis and design optimization of a paddle mixer shaft. J Mines Met Fuels. 2025 May 1;73(5). https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2025/48664

[98]. Chougule SM, Murali G, Kurhade AS. Failure investigation of the driving shaft in an industrial paddle mixer. J Mines Met Fuels. 2025 May 1;73(5). https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2025/48627

[99]. Kurhade AS, Sugumaran S, Kolhalkar NR, Karad MM, Mahajan RG, Shinde NM, Dalvi SA, Waware SY. Thermal management of mobile devices via PCM. J Mines Met Fuels. 2025 May 1;73(5):1313-20. https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2025/48437

[100]. Kurhade AS, Bhavani P, Patil SA, Kolhalkar NR, Chalapathi KS, Patil PA, Waware SY. Mitigating environmental impact: a study on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with biodiesel blend. J Mines Met Fuels. 2025 Apr 1;73(4):981-9. https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2025/47669

[101]. Kurhade AS, Siraskar GD, Chekuri RB, Murali G, Pawar P, Patil AR, Waware SY, Yadav RS. Biodiesel blends: a sustainable solution for diesel engine performance improvement. J Mines Met Fuels. 2025 Mar 1;73(3). https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2025/47628

[102]. Kurhade AS, Siraskar GD, Darade MM, Murali G, Katkar TR, Patil SP, Charwad GA, Waware SY, Yadav RS. Enhancement in heat transfer with nanofluids in double-pipe heat exchangers. J Mines Met Fuels. 2025 Jan 7;73(1):165-72. https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2025/47225

[103]. Napte K, Kondhalkar GE, Patil SV, Kharat PV, Banarase SM, Kurhade AS, Waware SY. Recent advances in sustainable concrete and steel alternatives for marine infrastructure. Sustain Mar Struct. 2025 Jun 4:107-31. https://doi.org/10.36956/sms.v7i2.2072

[104]. Kurhade AS, Chougule SM, Kharat PV, Kondhalkar GE, Murali G, Raut PN, Charwad GA, Waware SY, Yadav RS. Integrated approach to enhance vehicle safety: a novel bumper design with energy-absorbing mechanisms. J Mines Met Fuels. 2025 Jan 1;73(1). https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2025/47168

[105]. Yadav R, Nimbalkar A, Kirpekar S, Patil PJ, Dalvi SA, Jadhav PA, Kurhade AS, Wakchaure GN. Effect of transformed-induced plasticity steel plate thickness on ultimate tensile strength of butt welded joint using Nd:YAG laser. Int J Veh Struct Syst. 2024;16(6):857-62. https://doi.org/10.4273/ijvss.16.6.08

[106]. Deshpande SV, Pawar RS, Keche AJ, Kurhade A. Real-time surface finish measurement of stepped holding shaft by automatic system. J Adv Manuf Syst. 2025 Feb 25:1-26.

[107]. Ramani P, Reji V, Sathish Kumar V, Murali G, Kurhade AS. Deep learning-based detection and classification of moss and crack damage in rock structures for geo-mechanical preservation. J Mines Met Fuels. 2025 Mar 1;73(3). https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2025/47760

[108]. Kurhade AS, Siraskar GD, Deshmukh MT, Patil PA, Chaudhari SS, Kadam AA, Dolas AS, Mahajan RG, Waware SY, Yadav RS. Impact of PCM on heat dissipation from IC chips. J Mines Met Fuels. 2025 Mar 1;73(3). https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2025/47522

[109]. Kurhade AS, Kharat PV, Chougule SM, Darade MM, Karad MM, Murali G, Charwad GA, Waware SY, Yadav RS. Harnessing the power of plastic waste: a sustainable approach to fuel production. J Mines Met Fuels. 2025 Feb 1;73(2). https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2025/47354

[110]. Sarode GC, Gholap P, Pathak KR, Vali PSNM, Saharkar U, Murali G, Kurhade AS. Edge AI and explainable models for real-time decision-making in ocean renewable energy systems. Sustain Mar Struct. 2025 Jun 24;7(3):17-42. https://doi.org/10.36956/sms.v7i3.2239

[111]. Chougule SM, Murali G, Kurhade AS. Dynamic simulation and performance evaluation of vibratory bowl feeders integrated with paddle shaft mechanisms. Adv Sci Technol Res J. 2025;19(7). https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/203873

[112]. Chougule SM, Murali G, Kurhade AS. Design and analysis of industrial material handling systems using FEA and dynamic simulation techniques. J Sci Ind Res. 2025 Jun 18;84(6):645-53. https://doi.org/10.56042/jsir.v84i6.17512

[113]. Kurhade AS, Siraskar GD, Raut PN, Dolas AS, Murali G, Dalvi SA, Waware SY, Yadav RS. Investigating the impact of oxygenated additives on exhaust emissions from unleaded gasoline vehicles. J Mines Met Fuels. 2025 Feb 1;73(2). https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2025/47410

[114]. Siraskar GD, Kurhade AS, Murali G, Prakash MA, Bharathiraja N, Dharmadhikari DD, Waware SY. Turbulence model comparison and optimal geometry identification in trapped vortex combustors: a RANS-based study. Int J Mod Phys C. 2025 Sep 24:2650020. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129183126500208

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[121]. Upadhe SN, Mhamane SC, Kurhade AS, Bapat PV, Dhavale DB, Kore LJ. Water saving and hygienic faucet for public places in developing countries. In: Techno-Societal 2018: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Societal Applications. Vol 1. Cham: Springer; 2019. p. 617-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16848-3_56

[122]. Kurhade AS, Siraskar GD, Darade MM, Dhumal JR, Kardile CS, Biradar R, Patil SP, Waware SY. Predicting heat transfer enhancement with twisted tape inserts using fuzzy logic techniques in heat exchangers. J Mines Met Fuels. 2024;72(7):743-50. https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2024/45348

[123]. Kurhade AS, Siraskar GD, Kondhalkar GE, Darade MM, Yadav RS, Biradar R, Waware SY, Charwad GA. Optimizing aerofoil design: a comprehensive analysis of aerodynamic efficiency through CFD simulations and wind tunnel experiments. J Mines Met Fuels. 2024;72(7):713-24. https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2024/45361

[124]. Kurhade AS, Kadam AA, Biradar R, Bhambare PS, Gadekar T, Patil P, Yadav RS, Waware SY. Experimental investigation of heat transfer from symmetric and asymmetric IC chips mounted on the SMPS board with and without PCM. J Adv Res Fluid Mech Therm Sci. 2024;121(1):137-47. https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.121.1.137147

[125]. Kurhade AS, Siraskar GD, Bhambare PS, Dixit SM, Waware SY. Numerical investigation on the influence of substrate board thermal conductivity on electronic component temperature regulation. J Adv Res Numer Heat Trans. 2024;23(1):28-37. https://doi.org/10.37934/arnht.23.1.2837

[126]. Kurhade AS, Waware SY, Munde KH, Biradar R, Yadav RS, Patil P, Patil VN, Dalvi SA. Performance of solar collector using recycled aluminum cans for drying. J Mines Met Fuels. 2024 May 1;72(5). https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2024/44643

[127]. Kurhade AS, Kardekar NB, Bhambare PS, Waware SY, Yadav RS, Pawar P, Kirpekar S. A comprehensive review of electronic cooling technologies in harsh field environments: obstacles, progress, and prospects. J Mines Met Fuels. 2024;72(6):557-79. https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2024/45212

[128]. Kurhade AS, Waware SY, Bhambare PS, Biradar R, Yadav RS, Patil VN. A comprehensive study on Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel and dimethyl carbonate blends: performance optimization and emission control in diesel engines. J Mines Met Fuels. 2024;72(5):499-507. https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2024/45188

[129]. Kurhade AS, Biradar R, Yadav RS, Patil P, Kardekar NB, Waware SY, Munde KH, Nimbalkar AG, Murali G. Predictive placement of IC chips using ANN-GA approach for efficient thermal cooling. J Adv Res Fluid Mech Therm Sci. 2024;118(2):137-47. https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.118.2.137147

[130]. Waware SY, Chougule SM, Yadav RS, Biradar R, Patil P, Munde KH, Kardekar NB, Nimbalkar AG, Kurhade AS, Murali G, Kore SS. A comprehensive evaluation of recent studies investigating nanofluids utilization in heat exchangers. J Adv Res Fluid Mech Therm Sci. 2024;119(2):160-72. https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.119.2.160172

[131]. Kurhade AS, Murali G, Rao TV. CFD approach for thermal management to enhance the reliability of IC chips. Int J Eng Trends Technol. 2022;71(3):65-72. https://doi.org/10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V71I3P208

[132]. Kurhade AS, Rao TV, Mathew VK, Patil NG. Effect of thermal conductivity of substrate board for temperature control of electronic components: a numerical study. Int J Mod Phys C. 2021 Oct 26;32(10):2150132. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129183121501321

[133]. Waware SY, Kore SS, Kurhade AS, Patil SP. Innovative heat transfer enhancement in tubular heat exchanger: an experimental investigation with minijet impingement. J Adv Res Fluid Mech Therm Sci. 2024;116(2):51-8. https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.116.2.5158

[134]. Kurhade AS, Murali G. Thermal control of IC chips using phase change material: a CFD investigation. Int J Mod Phys C. 2022 Dec 28;33(12):2250159. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129183122501595

[135]. Rami Reddy S, Murali G, Dhana Raju V. Assessment of diethyl ether as a fuel additive on diesel engine characteristics powered with waste mango seed biodiesel blend. Int J Ambient Energy. 2022 Dec 31;43(1):3365-76. https://doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2020.1824944

[136]. Emeema J, Murali G, Reddi BV, Mangesh VL. Investigations on paraffin wax/CQD composite phase change material: improved latent heat and thermal stability. J Energy Storage. 2024 Apr 30;85:111056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2024.111056

[137]. Rami Reddy S, Murali G, Dhana Raju V. Influence of decanol as fuel additive on characteristics of diesel engine powered with mango seed biodiesel blend. Int J Ambient Energy. 2022 Dec 31;43(1):2875-88. https://doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2020.1783356

[138]. Tamiloli N, Venkatesan J, Murali G, Kodali SP, Sampath Kumar T, Arunkumar MP. Optimization of end milling on Al-SiC-fly ash metal matrix composite using TOPSIS and fuzzy logic. SN Appl Sci. 2019;1(10):1204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-1191-z

[139]. S. Manjula Gandhi, S. Sugumaran, N. Alangudi Balaji, Govindarajan Murali, Amruta Kundalik Mule, Harish Velingkar, et al. Artificial Intelligence in Predictive Toxicology: Modelling Xenobiotic Interactions and Human Risk Assessment. Appl. Chem. Eng. 2025 Dec. 17; 8(4):ACE-5826. https://doi.org/10.59429/ace.v8i4.5826.

[140]. Manjusha Tatiya, Babaso A. Shinde, Navnath B. Pokale, Mahesh Sarada, Mahesh M. Bulhe, Govindrajan Murali, et al. AI-Driven Process Control for Enhancing Safety and Efficiency in Oil Refining. Appl. Chem. Eng. 2025 Nov. 24;8(4):ACE-5792. https://doi.org/10.59429/ace.v8i4.5792

[141]. Ramdas Biradar, Babaso A. Shinde, Milind Manikrao Darade, Tushar Gaikwad, Seeram Srinivasa Rao, Aarti Puri, et al. AI Applications in Smart Mineral Processing: Ore Characterization, Sorting, and Efficiency. Appl. Chem. Eng. 2025 Nov. 24 ;8(4):ACE-5791. https://doi.org/10.59429/ace.v8i4.5791

[142]. Pallavi Vishnu Kharat, Beena Nawghare, N. Alangudi Balaji, Vishvas V. Kalunge, Charu P. Kumbhare, Tejasvini Rahul Katkar, et al. Data-Driven Prediction of Biofuel Yield and Combustion Emissions Using AI Techniques. Appl. Chem. Eng. 2025 Dec. 25;8(4): ACE-5841. https://doi.org/10.59429/ace.v8i4.5841

[143]. Swapnil S. Chaudhari, Kundan Kale, Manisha Raghuvanshi, Torana Kamble, Ramsing Thakur, Sagar Arjun Dalvi, et al. Machine learning for waste-to-energy processes: Resource evaluation, conversion efficiency, and environmental effects. Appl. Chem. Eng. 2026 Jan. 6 ;9(1): ACE-5850. https://doi.org/10.59429/ace.v9i1.5850

[144]. Madhuri Karad, Nidhi Sharma, Khaja Gulam Hussain, Vakiti Sreelatha Reddy, Madhuri Ghuge, Sagar Arjun Dalvi, et al. AI-Based Pollution Monitoring in Bio-Energy Production Chains: Methods, Applications, and Gaps. Appl. Chem. Eng. 2026 Jan. 6 ;9(1):ACE-5848. https://doi.org/10.59429/ace.v9i1.5848

[145]. Smita Desai, Sushama Shirke, Vishvas V. Kalunge, Sireesha Koneru, Gaurav Raju Khobragade, Vidhi Rajendra Kadam, et al. Machine Learning Approaches for Biomass Resource Mapping and Sustainable Energy Planning. Appl. Chem. Eng. 2025 Dec. 29; 9(1): ACE-5843. https://doi.org/10.59429/ace.v9i1.5843