Applied Chemical Engineering

Response surface methodology on enzymatic interesterification of Calophyllum inophyllum seed oil using immobilized Rhizomucor miehei lipase to produce biodiesel

Ratna Dewi Kusumaningtyas

Chemical Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Sekaran, Gunungpati, Semarang 50229, Indonesia

Nuni Widiarti

Chemistry Education Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Sekaran, Gunungpati, Semarang 50229, Indonesia

Dwi Widjanarko

Automotive Engineering Education Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Sekaran, Gunungpati, Semarang 50229, Indonesia

Sucihatiningsih Dian Wisika Prajanti

Economic Development Study Program, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Sekaran, Gunungpati, Semarang 50229, Indonesia

Hasan Maksum

Automotive Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang City, West Sumatra, Indonesia

Harumi Veny

School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam Selangor, Malaysia

Dya Ayu Septiyan

Chemical Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Sekaran, Gunungpati, Semarang 50229, Indonesia

Noviana Dias Pratiwi

Chemical Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Sekaran, Gunungpati, Semarang 50229, Indonesia

Wawan Purwanto

Automotive Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang City, West Sumatra, Indonesia

Rifdarmon

Automotive Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang City, West Sumatra, Indonesia

Ahmad Arif

Automotive Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang City, West Sumatra, Indonesia

Rizky Ichwan

Chemical Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Sekaran, Gunungpati, Semarang 50229, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59429/ace.v9i2.5925

Keywords: biodiesel; nyamplung seed oil; immobilized-lipase; clean energy; Box Behnken

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Abstract

Biodiesel is among the renewable and clean energy to substitute diesel fuel. One of the prospective raw materials for biodiesel is nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) seed oil. Biodiesel production generally applies transesterification reaction with methanol assisted by inorganic base catalyst to produce fatty acid methyl esters with the by-product glycerol. To eliminate glycerol by-product, methanol can be replaced with ethyl acetate which results in triacetin byproduct. Triacetin can increase the cetane number, hence it is not necessary to remove it from biodiesel product. The use of conventional catalysts in biodiesel production produces chemical waste and requires high purification costs. Enzyme catalysts such as lipase is an alternative to overcome these problems. However, lipase is costly and sensitive with the changing of operation condition. To cope with this issue, lipase is immobilized into solid material. In this work, interesterification of nyamplung oil with ethyl acetate using immobilized lipase was conducted. Optimization using response surface methodology (RSM) was also performed. Based on the RSM analysis, it was shown that the optimum conversion conditions were 47.40% with selectivity of 14.77% and a yield of 6.32% at a temperature of 50°C, with a molar ratio of 1:8.99 and an immobilized lipase catalyst concentration of 7.49%.

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