Applied Chemical Engineering

Marine-derived coumarins: Chemical diversity, biomedical activities, and emerging applications in green and applied chemical engineering

Yasser Fakri Mustafa

Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, 41001, Iraq

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59429/ace.v9i2.6036

Keywords: marine natural coumarins; biosynthesis; anticancer activity; antioxidant properties; green chemistry; nanotechnology applications; biosensors

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Abstract

Marine-derived coumarins are structurally diverse benzopyrone compounds biosynthesized under the unique environmental conditions of marine ecosystems. This review summarizes studies published between 2000 and 2025 concerning their biosynthesis, structural diversity, biological activities, and emerging technological applications. Literature was collected from major scientific databases with emphasis on experimentally validated marine-derived compounds. Current evidence demonstrates that marine coumarins exhibit antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities, although most findings remain limited to preclinical investigations. Structural modifications such as halogenation and prenylation contribute to their distinctive physicochemical and biological properties. Beyond pharmacology, marine-derived coumarins have attracted increasing interest in green chemistry, nanotechnology, biosensing, and sustainable material design because of their fluorescence behavior, metal-coordination ability, and biodegradability. Several compounds and related analogues have also entered early clinical evaluation. Despite these advances, important challenges remain regarding sustainable sourcing, large-scale production, pharmacokinetic optimization, and clinical translation. Overall, marine-derived coumarins represent promising multifunctional natural products with potential applications spanning biomedicine, biotechnology, and environmentally sustainable technologies.

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