Applied Chemical Engineering

Eco-friendly assessment of photocatalysis process for organic pollutants treatment

Huda Adil Sabbar

Ehsan Elewy Salman

Ahmed Shareef Hayder

Ahmed Samir Naje

Isra’a Sadi Samaka

DOI: https://doi.org/10.59429/ace.v7i3.5517

---

Abstract

Large volumes of contaminated water should not be dumped without being cleaned beforehand. The water contained a significant number of biological contaminants. The pollution of color usually causes harm for living organisms. The photocatalytic removal of methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV) from aqueous solutions is explored. TiO2 concentration as a catalyst in both dark and light scenarios, pH value and the concentration of contaminants are the optimization factors. The results demonstrated that the photocatalysis method was quite effective in eliminating these contaminants. Following treatment in a basic solution with a pH of 9, the typical clearance durations for CV and MB are 30 and 60 minutes, respectively. The influence of different photocatalyst concentration. (o.5-1.5mg/l) on dissociation rate, Effect of pH on breakdown speed(3-9) and  the initial concentration of the pollutant  (10^-5-10^-4 M) For studied CV and MB. The best concentrations for each case are 1 mg/l of TiO₂ in dark and light applied and 5*10^-5 M of the pollutant. According to the findings of the kinetics study conducted on the dyes CV and MB, the observed quantities at steady-state step (qe) values are quite similar to the experimental TiO₂ adsorption capacity. Based on the outcomes of the Langmuir and Freundlich studies, TiO₂ is a suitable option for removing the dye pollution since it is a good adsorbent with a high capacity for sorption. The results show that the equilibrium data fitted to the Freundlich model with R ² =0.981  and 0.919 for studied CV and MB within the concentration range studied.

---

References

[1]. Chaturvedi, M.K., Bassin, J.K., 2009. Assessing the water quality index of water treatment plant and bore wells, in Delhi, India. Environ. Monit. Assess. 163 (1/4), 449–453. Doi:10.1007/s10661-009-0848-2

[2]. Mishra, P.C., Patel, R.K., 2001,"Quality of drinking water Rourkela, Outside the steel township "journal of Environment and Pollution ,vol.8,no .2,pp.165-169.

[3]. Brown, T. P., Rushton, L., Mugglestone, M. A., & Meechan, D. F. (2003). Health effects of a sulphur dioxide air pollution episode. Journal of Public Health, 25(4), 369-371. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdg083

[4]. Theodorakidou, M., & Lambrou, G. I. (2017). Public health issues from the exposure to nitrogen oxides: a brief review. ARC J Public Health Community Med, 2, 44-56. Doi: 10.20431/2456-0596.0204008

[5]. ‏Dhankhar, N., & Kumar, J. (2023). Impact of increasing pesticides and fertilizers on human health: A review. Materials Today: Proceedings, Doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2023.03.766 ‏ ‏

[6]. Münzel, T., Hahad, O., Daiber, A., & Landrigan, P. J. (2023). Soil and water pollution and human health: what should cardiologists worry about?. Cardiovascular research, 119(2), 440-449, Doi:10.1093/cvr/cvac082 ‏.

[7]. Dhankhar, N., & Kumar, J. (2023). Impact of increasing pesticides and fertilizers on human health: A review. Materials Today: Proceedings,Doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167859

[8]. Sharma D., Kansal A. Water quality analysis of RI Yamuna usi ng water quality index in the national capital territory. India. Applied Water Science, 20(1), 2011, 147.Doi: 10.1007/s13201-011-0011-4

[9]. Manal Adnan Mohammed, Wasan Omar Noori, Huda Adil Sabbar., 2020. Application of Emulsion Liquid Membrane Process for Cationic Dye Extraction. Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Vol.21, No.3, 39–44. Doi:10.31699/IJCPE.2020.3.5

[10]. Kinetics and Energetic Parameters Study of Phenol Removal from Aqueous Solution by Electro-Fenton Advanced Oxidation Using Modified Electrodes with PbO2 and Graphene. 2022. Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Vol.23, No.2, 1–8. Doi:10.31699/IJCPE.2022.2.1

[11]. Hussein H. Abd-almohi, Ziad T. Alismaeel, Mohanad J. M-Ridha. 2022. Study of Microbial Desalination Cell Performance; Power Generation and Desalination Efficiency using Pure Oxygen in a Cathode Chamber, Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal, Vol. 18, No. 3, 37-47. Doi:10.22153/kej.2022.07.002

[12]. Omar H. Fadhil H. Fadhil, Mohammed Y. Eisa, Dina Abdalrahman Salih, Ziad R. Nafeaa. 2021. Adsorption of Indigo Carmen Dye by Using Corn Leaves as Natural Adsorbent Material. Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal, Vol. 17, No. 1, 43- 50. Doi:10.22153/kej.2021.11.002

[13]. Fatimah Kadhim I Idan, Saleem Mohammed Obyed. 2019. Treatment of Waste Extract Lubricating Oil by Catalytic Cracking Process to Produce Light Fractions. Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal, Vol. 15, No. 2, 100- 107. Doi:10.31699/IJCPE.2018.4.2

[14]. Sama M. Al-Jubouri, Huda A. Sabbar, Entisar M. Khudhair, Saad H. Ammar, Sirhan Al Batty, Sajad Yas Khudhair, Ahmed S. Mahdi, 2023. Silver oxide-zeolite for removal of an emerging contaminant by simultaneous adsorption-photocatalytic degradation under simulated sunlight irradiation, Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology, A: Chemistry 442, 114763. Doi:10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.114763

[15]. Entisar M. Khudhair, Saad H. Ammar, Shahad Z. Al-Najjar, Sama M. Al-Jubouri, Ahmed S. Mahdi, Zaid H. Jabbar, 2023, Facile construction of g-C3N4/MnWO4/NiS heterostructures for photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminates under visible light irradiation, Materials Letters 347, 134599. Doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2023.134599

[16]. Saad H. Ammar, Hind J. Hadi, Entisar M. Khudhair, Hussein J. Khadim, Yossor R. Abdulmajeed, Zaid H. Jabbar, 2023, Facile assembly of CoS/Ag2MoO4 nanohybrids for visible light-promoted Z-type-induced synergistically improved photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 444, 115000. Doi:10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.115000

[17]. X. Q. Zeng and W. P. Liu, “Advance in synthesis of inorgano-organo-montmorillonites and their utilization in water treatment,” Techniques and Equipment for Environmental Pollution Control, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 9–10, 2001.

[18]. Mohamed E. Mahmoud, Gehan M. Nabil, Mohamed A. Khalifa, Nabila M. El-Mallah, Hind M. Hassouba, 2019. Effective removal of crystal violet and methylene blue dyes from water by surface functionalized zirconium silicate nanocomposite. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 7( 2), 103009. Doi:10.1016/j.jece.2019.103009

[19]. Hassanien Gomaa, Eman M.Abd ElMonaem, Abdelazeem S. Eltaweil, Ahmed M. Omer, 2022. Efcient removal of noxious methylene blue and crystal violet dyes at neutral conditions by reusable montmorillonite/ NiFe2O4@aminefunctionalized chitosan composite. Scientifc Reports. 12(1), 15499. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-25309-9

[20]. X. J. Peng, J. Z. Yuan, and M. L. Cao, Application of modified bentonite in wastewater treatment,” China Non-Metallic Mining Industry Herald, vol. 2005, no. 5, pp. 40–41, 2005.

[21]. M.P.Schubert,L.Michaelis 2018. semiquinone radicals the thiazines ,.j.Am.chem.soc ; vol 62 ;NO 1 ;PP : 204-211

[22]. Reinhardt,c;Trvis,A.S., 2000. Heinrich Caro and the creation of " modern chemical industry, pp:208-209 . DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-9353-3_12

[23]. Aliouche Sihem. 2007. Etude de l’elimination d’un colorant par differentes methodes photochimiques en milien aqueux" Mémoire magister en chimie, pp : 14-22.

[24]. Entisar M. Khudhair, Widyan N. Khudhair, Ahmed S. Mahdi. 2022. Assembling ZIF-67@Cd0.5Zn0.5S nanocomposites with an enhanced photocatalytic activity. Inorganic Chemistry Communications. DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109639

[25]. Sama M. Al-Jubouri, Sirhan I. Al-Batty, Stuart M. Holmes. 2021. Using the ash of common water reeds as a silica source for producing high purity ZSM-5 zeolite microspheres. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. DOI: 10.1016/j.micromeso.2021.110953

[26]. Ibrahim, M.K., Al-Hassan, A.A., Naje, A.S.2020. Improvement of organic content removal in water produced of oilfields using Low cost moringa peels as a new green environmental adsorbent, Global Nest Journal, 22(2) 268-274. DOI: 10.30955/gnj.003098

[27]. Naje, A.S., Chelliapan, S. , Zakaria, Z., Ajeel, M.A., Sopian, K., Hasan, H.A. 2016. Electrocoagulation by solar energy feed for textile wastewater treatment including mechanism and hydrogen production using a novel reactor design with a rotating anode. RSC Advances. 10 (7), pp. 5924-5941. DOI: 10.1039/C5RA26032A

[28]. Al-Jubouri, S.M., Sabbar, H.A., Lafta, H.A., Waisi, B.I. 2019. Effect of synthesis parameters on the formation 4a zeolite crystals: Characterization analysis and heavy metals uptake performance study for water treatment. Desalination and Water Treatment, 165, pp. 290–300. doi:10.5004/dwt.2019.24566

[29]. Sabbar, Huda Adil, Noori, Wasan Omar, Naje, Ahmed Samir. 2020. Dye removal by membrane technology for wastewater treatment using a cationic carrier. Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology, 28(1), PP. 353 – 367.

[30]. haddaden, S., Aberkane, D., Boukerroui, A. and Robert, D. 2022. Removal of methylene blue (basic dye) by coagulation-flocculation withbiomaterials (bentonite and Opuntia ficus indica). J. Water Process Eng. 49, 102952. Doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2022.102952

[31]. Tian, T. et al. 2022. β-Cyclodextrin carbon-based nanoparticles with a core–shell–shell structure for efficient adsorption of crystal violetand bisphenol A. Particuology 62, 88-97.Doi:10.1016/j.partic.2021.04.004

[32]. Alqarni, S. A. 2022. The performance of different AgTiO2 loading into poly (3-Nitrothiophene) for efficient adsorption of hazardousbrilliant green and crystal violet dyes. Int. J. Polym. Sci., 4691347 doi:10.1155/2022/4691347