Vol. 7 No. 3 (2024): Vol 7, No 3 (Publishing)
Table of Contents
Open AccessOriginal Research Article
by Shyam K. Dabhi, Vimal R. Patel, Dileep Kumar M, Keelagaram Gunaprasad, T C Manjunath, Ibrahim Abdallah Ismail Hassan, Nageswara Rao Lakkimsetty, Feroz Shaik, Natrayan L
2024,7(3);
204 Views
Abstract
Dairy farming has become a key business to fulfill the daily milk needs in populated countries like India. Conversely, pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms in raw milk are killed by applying different heat treatments to increase shelf life, preserve quality, and ensure safety. Among the heat treatment processes used at the dairy plant, pasteurization consumes a significant amount of heat, which increases the energy demand in the dairy sector. Since milk pasteurization occurs between 65°C and 150°C, multiple solar thermal collector alternatives are available for various kinds of pasteurization processes. Employing solar thermal collectors for milk pasteurization allows the dairy sector to use free solar energy. Solar energy in milk heat treatments minimizes fuel and power consumption, reducing carbon emissions and promoting sustainability. However, solar milk pasteurization in dairy sector is limited by the large area requirement, high initial cost, and weather dependency. There have been attempts to use different types of solar thermal collectors to pasteurize the milk in an effort to replace conventional energy usage with solar energy. The parameters of milk heat treatment, primarily pasteurization, have been discussed concerning energy usage. The benefits and limitations of various solar collectors for milk pasteurization and other heating applications in the dairy sector have been addressed. Multiple studies on integrating various solar thermal collectors with different pasteurization systems have been reviewed, summarized, and concluded.
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Open AccessOriginal Research Article
by Oubouali Morad, Zine-eddine Yassine, Ajbli Nouhaila, Kzaiber Fouzia, Oussama Abdelkhalek, Ellaite Mohammed, Boutoial Khalid
2024,7(3);
87 Views
Abstract
Several parameters, including temperature, water activity and water content, play a crucial role in maintaining food quality over time. Temperature control during the preservation process is essential to inhibit the growth of unwanted microorganisms while avoiding the degradation of nutrient and aromatic compounds. Proper storage conditions help to prolong the life of food. The main objective of this study is to optimize the preservation process of dates to maintain their quality, including organoleptic quality and nutritional characteristics, by examining the influence of temperature, water activity on water content. The research aims to determine how these parameters influence the quality of dates. In this perspective, an uncoded unit regression equation of water content, temperature and water activity was developed. The model is more meaningful and has a better predictive capacity for new observations. Water activity is the main characteristic influenced, followed by temperature. Specifically, increasing water activity increases water content, while increasing temperature reduces water content.
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Open AccessOriginal Research Article
by Nedjma Lahmar, Mokhtar Djehiche, Alexandre Tomas, Marwa Bachiri, Samir Bouacha
2024,7(3);
43 Views
Abstract
One of the primary constraints on the use of activated persulfate (PS), a precursor of the sulfate radical (SR), is a lack of understanding of its reaction pathways in the subsurface. SRs can degrade the target dye Bromothymol Blue (BTB) depending on several parameters, including the initial concentrations of PS and BTB, time, water salts cations (Na + and K + ), ionic strength, catalytic ions (), and temperature. Experiments and numerical simulations using the established kinetic model yielded second-order rate constants for the reaction of BTB with the dominant SR at pH 3 of (1.1 ± 0.55) × 10 8 , ((1.5 ± 0.77) × 10 8 , (1.9 ± 0.95) × 10 8 and (2.2 ± 1.1) × 10 8 M -1 s -1 at 40, 50, 60, and 70°C, respectively. These rate constants were used to calculate the kinetic activation parameters ( E a , ∆H ≠ , ∆S ≠ , ∆G ≠ ) according to the Arrhenius and Eyring equations. The results obtained are as follows: 19.8 kJ mol -1 , 16.36 kJ mol -1 , - 0.038 kJ mol -1 K -1 , and 27.78 kJ mol -1 . Finally, a possible mechanism for the discoloration of BTB by SR is proposed, in which the destruction of aromatic ring structures occurs alongside the discoloration of BTB.
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Open AccessReview Article
by Ahmed Samir Naje, Huda Adil Sabbar, Ehsan Elewy Salman, Ahmed Shareef Hayder, Isra’a Sadi Samaka
2024,7(3);
30 Views
Abstract
Large volumes of contaminated water should not be dumped without being cleaned beforehand. The water contained a significant number of biological contaminants. The pollution of color usually causes harm for living organisms. The photocatalytic removal of methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV) from aqueous solutions is explored. TiO2 concentration as a catalyst in both dark and light scenarios, pH value and the concentration of contaminants are the optimization factors. The results demonstrated that the photocatalysis method was quite effective in eliminating these contaminants. Following treatment in a basic solution with a pH of 9, the typical clearance durations for CV and MB are 30 and 60 minutes, respectively. The influence of different photocatalyst concentration. (o.5-1.5mg/l) on dissociation rate, Effect of pH on breakdown speed(3-9) and the initial concentration of the pollutant (10 -5 -10 - 4 M) For studied CV and MB. The best concentrations for each case are 1 mg/l of TiO 2 in dark and light applied and 5*10 -5 M of the pollutant. According to the findings of the kinetics study conducted on the dyes CV and MB, the observed quantities at steady-state step (qe) values are quite similar to the experimental TiO 2 adsorption capacity. Based on the outcomes of the Langmuir and Freundlich studies, TiO 2 is a suitable option for removing the dye pollution since it is a good adsorbent with a high capacity for sorption. The results show that the equilibrium data fitted to the Freundlich model with R 2 =0.981 and 0.919 for studied CV and MB within the concentration range studied.
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